The Chicago area is home to a number of the nation's leading research universities including the University of Chicago, Northwestern University, University of Illinois at Chicago, DePaul University, Loyola University, and the Illinois Institute of Technology. With many companies moving to Chicagoland, and many current companies expanding, the area ranked as the nation's top metropolitan area for corporation relocations and expansions for nine consecutive years, the most consecutive years for any region in the country. The region is home to more than 400 major corporate headquarters, including 31 in the Fortune 500 such as McDonald's, United, and Blue Cross Blue Shield. The Chicago metropolitan area generated an annual gross regional product (GRP) of approximately $700 billion in 2018. With more than six million full and part-time employees, the Chicago metropolitan area is a key factor of the Illinois economy, as the state has an annual GDP of over $1 trillion. The Chicago metropolitan area represents about 3 percent of the entire US population.Ĭhicagoland has one of the world's largest and most diversified economies. The metro area has a large number of White, Black, and Arab American residents, and also has Native American residents in the region, making the Chicago metropolitan area population truly diverse. The metropolitan area has seen a substantial increase of Latin American residents on top of its already large Latin population, and the Asian American population also increased according to the 2020 Census. Its urban area is one of the forty largest in the world.Īccording to the 2020 Census, the metropolitan's population is approaching the 10 million mark. The Chicago area is the fourth largest metropolitan area in North America (after the metro areas of Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles), the third-largest metropolitan area in the United States, the largest within the entire Midwest, and the largest in the Great Lakes megalopolis. The MSA had a 2020 census population of 9,618,502 and the combined statistical area which spans up to 19 counties had a population of nearly 10 million people. Encompassing 10,286 square mi (28,120 km 2), the metropolitan area includes the city of Chicago, its suburbs and hinterland, that span 14 counties across northeast Illinois, northwest Indiana, and southeast Wisconsin. The Chicago metropolitan area, also colloquially referred to as Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area containing the City of Chicago, which includes its surrounding suburbs and satellite cities.
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When one of these neutrons collides with a nitrogen - 14, a carbon - 14 atom and a proton, 1H result.ĥ. Write the decay equation for an excited atom of Cobalt-60 undergoing gamma decay. First, we need to convert the 1.00 g of sample into number of atoms of cobalt-60 and to convert the activity into numbers of atoms that decay per second. Write nuclear equation for the formation of cobalt-60 Express your answer as a nuclear equation Submit My. It is produced by irradiation of cobalt-59 in a nuclear reactor. (2) In Earth's upper atmosphere, energetic cosmic rays cause atmospheric gas atoms to emit neutrons. Problem 11.51 Part A Cobalt-60 (half-life 5.3 years) is used to irradiate food, to treat cancer, and to disinfect surgical equipment. The list of radionuclides excludes those with half lives measured in seconds. For example, cobalt-60 undergoes beta-minus. (1) K-40, a beta particle emitter, is a naturally occurring potassium isotope found in some foods. This Web application will allow you to calculate the activity of a radionuclide after a specified interval of time. Unlike other types of radioactive decay, gamma decay does not change the nuclear composition of the nuclide. N = No(exp)-kt where N is the number of counts and t is time.įind a simple expression for the half life.Ĥ.(1pt) Write the appropriate nuclear equation for each of the following descriptions. If 4.71g of this nuclide register 20 counts per minute on a radioactivity counter, what is the half life of the nuclide? What percentage of Cobalt atoms are Cobalt-60?Ģ.(2pts) A radioactive nuclide of mass number 94 has been prepared by neutron bombardment. Over time cobalt-59 absorbs a neutron to become cobalt-60. RADIOISOTOPE BRIEF Cobalt-60 (Co-60) Half-life ( 5. Placing this non-radioactive, Cobalt-59 pellets into a nuclear reactor creates deliberately produced cobalt-60. How much of a 1.000 mg sample will remain after 15.9 years. By bombarding cobalt 59 with neutrons, in a nuclear reactor, an additional neutron can be captured by the nucleus converting it into cobalt 60. These sorts of cascades are the bread and butter of nuclear physics the double-photon decay paper you found is much rarer.1.(2pts) A radioactivity counter gives a reading of 350 cts per min for a 12.5 mg sample of Cobalt (II) Chloride partially enriched with Cobalt-60 (t1/2 = 5.26 yr.). Example: The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years. That photon must carry lots of orbital angular momentum, in addition to its spin, so the first excited state of cobalt is a relatively long-lived isomer (about ten minutes).Ĭobalt-60 is used as a gamma source because it decays to an excited state of the nickel-60 nucleus, which then cools by emitting a sequence, or a "cascade," of photons. Since cobalt-60 has ground state spin-parity $5^+$, first excited state $2^+$, a single photon can mediate the transition. + 4He 27 0 2 Solution mass numbers 60 60 59Co + 1n 56Mn + 4H e 27 0 25 2 27. Usually, in nuclear decays, magnetic-dipole transitions are suppressed compared to electric-dipole transitions. The paper you have linked measures a rare mode where two real photons are produced, and a surprising observation that in the double decay $E$-type photons are produced at the same rate as $M$-type photons. (See Table VIII for a list of items that are sterilized.) Increased use for food irradiation is likely in the future. Most of its current use is in the sterilization industry, primarily for medical products intended for human consumption. Mostly they decay by emitting a "virtual" photon, which produces a real positron-electron pair in the field of the nucleus. Cobalt-60 (half-life 5.27 years) is the largest revenue-producing commercial radioisotope in the world. Since a single photon must carry away at least one unit of spin, these excitations cannot decay by one-photon emission. Both of these nuclides have a first excited state with spin-parity $0^+$, the same as their ground state. Complete the nuclear equation in your answer book. Explain in terms of BOTH protons and neutrons, why Co-59 and Co-60 are isotopes of cobalt. Small nickel-plated slugs of the radioactive metal are loaded into a sealed alloy cylinder typically 10 × 450 mm and doubly encapsulated in a corrosion-resistant steel pencil. The incomplete equation for the decay of cobalt-60, including beta and gamma emissions, is shown below. The paper that you cite describes decays in calcium-40 and zirconium-90 by emission of two photons at once. Cobalt-60 is produced by neutron bombardment of stable cobalt in a nuclear reactor. 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I would like to share some important tips to make the perfect American chopsuey recipe. When served atop crisp-fried Hakka noodles, it makes a truly sumptuous treat that is both filling and tasty! When served with fried noodles, American chopsuey is often considered an overseas adaptation of the popular Chinese dish, Chow Mein. American chopsuey is essentially sautéed veggies flavoured with sauces and thickened with corn flour. American chopsuey represents the mix of Western and Oriental cuisines. In addition, chop suey can often be made with either noodles or rice, whereas chow mein is always served with noodles, so if you see rice, then it is most likely a chop suey.American chopsuey recipe | veg American chopsuey | veg Chinese chopsuey recipe | with 30 amazing images. Which has noodles chow mein or chop suey? Chop Suey was created out of convenience, and because of this, it can be created using a little bit of everything. Chow Mein is made following a strict recipe, whereas Chop Suey is usually made using a bit of everything. What is better chicken chow mein or chicken chop suey?īut the biggest difference between these two dishes is the way in which they are prepared. Whatever its origin, chop suey quickly became a familiar part of Chinese-American cuisine–many early restaurants that served Chinese-American food were known as “chop suey houses,” according to Rhitu Chatterjee writing for NPR. It’s a Chinese-American dish, not a Chinese dish ˌtʃɑːp ˈsuː.i/ a Chinese dish made from small pieces of meat and vegetables, especially bean sprouts, cooked together. What does chop suey mean in Chinese?Ĭhop suey. It’s Chinese hash, and we’ll probably all be eating it that way soon enough. What the heck is chop suey?Īs it’s understood in China, chop suey means “odds and ends,” a dish made from throwing whatever leftovers you have in the wok and cooking it up. and is quite healthy if you are targeting weight loss. A cup (56g) of vegetable chow mein consists of approximately 240 calories, 26 grams of carbohydrates, 4 grams of protein, and 14 grams of fat. Which is healthier chow mein or chop suey?Ĭhow mein is pretty low on calories and fat as compared to chop suey. Cooks will also add vegetable or chicken stock to the mix. What is Chinese white sauce made of? Chinese white sauce has three key ingredients: garlic, ginger and onion. One cup (220 grams) of pork chop suey with no noodles contains 216 calories and provides 23 grams of protein. Like other stir-fries, it’s a healthier choice because it’s made from a protein source and vegetables. Chop suey, however, has a much thicker sauce. The delicate nature of the sauce helps it not overpower the flavors of chow mein, meaning you get much more out of the meat and vegetables found within the dish. See, chow mein tends to contain a thin sauce, usually either soy sauce or garlic. However, with a chop suey recipe, you will cook the noodles or rice and other ingredients separately before combining them in a bowl, serving up the noodles or rice with the sauce served over the top. With chow mein, you cook noodles and add them to your wok of other ingredients, cooking everything together in one pan. What is the difference between Chinese chow mein and chop suey? What is typically in chop suey?Ĭhop suey (/ˈtʃɒpˈsuːi/) is a dish in American Chinese cuisine and other forms of overseas Chinese cuisine, consisting of meat (usually chicken, pork, beef, shrimp or fish) and eggs, cooked quickly with vegetables such as bean sprouts, cabbage, and celery and bound in a starch-thickened sauce. What is chop suey sauce made of? Chop suey sauce is made of soy sauce, oyster sauce, Shaoxing wine, sesame oil, cornstarch, white pepper, and water. 12 Related Question Answers About How To Make Chinese Chop Suey What is chop suey sauce made of? The Sellers Disclosure Form in your state may not require this information, but the new homeowner should know at some point in case they decide to tear up the flooring. If you cover up the flooring, Tom Silva from This Old House recommends notifying anyone who buys your home that asbestos tiles are present. Remember that tiles in good condition are not considered a serious risk. Vinyl plank and linoleum rolls are also effective. If you don’t want that expense, a rubber-backed carpet is a good choice. Pouring concrete over tiles is the best way to seal them. As noted above, they can be covered with new flooring if the tiles are not disintegrating. You’ve got two options for handling asbestos flooring tiles. Asbestos is present in a range of products still manufactured including disc brake pads and lining, cement pipe, cement corrugated sheets and roof coatings. Mining asbestos was banned in the US in 2002, but we still import more than 1,000 tons of it per year from countries like Brazil. In the last two hundred years, it has been used in thousands of products including brake pads, clutches, gaskets, fire proofing and prevention materials, plastics such as vinyl, cigarette filters, laboratory hoods, heavy duty work clothing, construction adhesives, ductwork and insulation. Laws phasing it out or banning it immediately from some industries were first passed about 1980. WHERE IS ASBESTOS MOST LIKELY TO BE FOUND – HISTORY OF USAGEĪsbestos came into popular use around in the first half of the 19 th century due to its affordability, insulating qualities, flexibility and resistance to fire. Some would prefer to push ahead with proper asbestos handling procedures. The only way to make it a science is to hire a licensed asbestos inspector or by sending a sample to a lab to be tested, but doing so can be costly and time consuming. If the tiles or the floor beneath show oily discoloration, the tiles very likely contain asbestos.Īs you can see, this method is not an exact science. Look for discoloration: Asphalt is a main ingredient in asbestos tiles, and the oil from the asphalt can leach out.Tiles that are disintegrating should be handled with extreme care. Examine the condition of the tiles: Intact asbestos tiles are not a major risk and can, in fact, be left in place and covered with other materials such as carpet, vinyl, linoleum or concrete.Asbestos floor tiles were manufactured in three sizes: 9”x9”, 12”x12” and 18”x18”. If you know when the building was built or renovated, this might help you estimate when the tiles were installed. Gather information about the age of the tiles: Asbestos flooring was made into the 1980s, though its heyday was the 1920s through the 1960s.With that in mind, here are the keys to identifying asbestos floor tiles. Let’s start with a principle used in the flooring and construction industries: If you think it could be asbestos, treat it as asbestos, even if the material hasn’t been tested. That way, no one will be endangered years from now when they start to rip up the new flooring and find asbestos tiles beneath.WHAT DOES ASBESTOS TILE LOOK LIKE – IDENTIFICATION However, as a favor to future owners of your house, make some note of the fact that asbestos tiles are under the new flooring. You could also cover the tiles with new vinyl flooring, linoleum, or even ceramic tiles. In a basement I’d suggest a rubber-based carpet pad rather than a fiber pad. That’s enough to prevent the damage and wear that can release fibers into the air no sealer is needed.Ĭarpeting and a suitable pad will do the trick. Tom Silva replies: The advice you received is correct: The best way to deal with old asbestos floor tiles is to cover them up. Is this the best approach, and if so, should the flooring be sealed somehow before the carpet is installed?- Lori, Newtown, CT I’m told that the old vinyl floor tiles in the basement of our 1950 house contain asbestos and that I should not try to remove the tiles but cover them with wall-to-wall carpeting. There are 4–1 wins at home for Tottenham Hotspur against Nottingham Forest and West Ham United against Manchester City. Coventry City win 4–2 at home to Everton. Luton Town are the First Division's top scorers so far with 20 goals from their first seven games after drawing 4-4 at Stoke. Liverpool go top of the First Division with a 5–0 home win over Southampton after Manchester United are held to a goalless draw at home to Arsenal. Ģ5 September 1982: Watford beat Sunderland 8–0 at Vicarage Road, with Luther Blissett scoring four goals and Ross Jenkins and Nigel Callaghan both scoring twice. Ģ2 September 1982: England draw 2–2 with Denmark in Copenhagen in their opening 1984 European Championship qualifier, their first game under the management of Bobby Robson. Stoke City go fourth by beating Ipswich Town 3–2 at Portman Road. Liverpool go second with a 3–0 win over Swansea City at the Vetch Field. ġ8 September 1982: Manchester United go top of the First Division with a 1–0 win over Southampton at The Dell. A Yorkshire derby at Hillsborough sees Leeds United beat Sheffield Wednesday 3–2. In the Second Division, Steve Lynex and Gary Lineker score hat-tricks in Leicester City's 6–0 home win over Carlisle United. West Ham United beat Birmingham City 5–0 at Upton Park. Stoke City beat Swansea City 4–1 at the Victoria Ground. Aston Villa beat Nottingham Forest 4–1 at Villa Park. A six-goal thriller at Anfield sees Liverpool draw 3–3 with Luton Town. Ron Atkinson's side beat Ipswich Town 3–1 at Old Trafford. ĩ September 1982: Peter Beardsley, a 21-year-old former Carlisle United playing for Vancouver Whitecaps in Canada, signs for Manchester United in a £325,000 deal.ġ1 September 1982: Watford, in the First Division for the first time, go top of the league on goal difference (level with Manchester United and Manchester City) by beating West Bromwich Albion 3–0 in their fifth league game of the season. Bob Latchford scores three of Swansea City's four without reply against Norwich City, Southampton's Justin Fashanu, on loan from Nottingham Forest, scores the winning goal in a 1–0 victory Aston Villa, West Bromwich Albion beat Manchester United and a Liverpool win 2–0 at Arsenal. Paul Walsh scores his first three goals for Luton Town against Notts County as the Hatters win 5–3. Their win comes despite having outfield player Bobby McDonald as goalkeeper after Joe Corrigan is rendered unavailable after just three minutes. In the Second Division, Kevin Keegan scores on his Newcastle debut in a 1–0 home win over QPR.Ĥ September 1982: Manchester City's victory over Watford ensures the Maine Road side are top of the table and the only First Division side with a 100% record after three games. Peter Shilton exits Nottingham Forest in a £325,000 move to Southampton. Manchester United achieve the biggest win of the opening day of the season beating Birmingham City 3–0. Ģ8 August 1982: The first games of the First Division season are played. The 1982–83 season was the 103rd season of competitive football in England.ġ1 August 1982: Tottenham Hotspur pay Bristol Rovers £105,000 for defender Gary Mabbutt, who turns 21 later this month.ġ9 August 1982: Newcastle United pay Southampton £100,000 for Kevin Keegan.Ģ1 August 1982: Liverpool beat Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 in the Charity Shield at Wembley with a goal from Ian Rush.Ģ4 August 1982: The Shankly Gates are unveiled at Anfield, honouring former Liverpool manager Bill Shankly almost a year after his death.Ģ5 August 1982: Arsenal sign 22-year-old striker Lee Chapman from Stoke City for £500,000.Ģ6 August 1982: Bob Paisley announces that this season as Liverpool manager, his ninth in charge, will be his last. JSTOR ( October 2010) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.įind sources: "1982–83 in English football" – news Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This article needs additional citations for verification. You get new ResolveFX plugins for adding vignettes, drop shadows, removing objects, adding analog noise and damage, chromatic aberration, stylizing video and more. For example, it enables facial recognition to automatically sort and organize clips into bins based on people in the shot.ĭaVinci Resolve Studio 17 features major improvements to existing ResolveFX, along with several new plugins that editors and colourists will love. The DaVinci Neural Engine provides simple tools to solve complex, repetitive and time consuming problems. The DaVinci Neural Engine is entirely cross-platform and uses the latest GPU innovations for AI and deep learning to provide unparalleled performance and quality. 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DaVinci Resolve Studio is also the only solution designed for multi user collaboration so editors, assistants, colourists, VFX artists and sound designers can all work live on the same project at the same time. You can instantly move between editing, colour, effects, and audio with a single click. Dongle Version - Revolutionary new tools for editing, colour correction and professional audio post production for SD, HD and Ultra HD, all in a single application.ĭaVinci Resolve 16 is the world’s only solution that combines professional 8K editing, colour correction, visual effects and audio post production all in one software tool. Color is a secondary identifier for the cryptocrystalline minerals, although it is a primary identifier for the macrocrystalline varieties. Varieties (according to microstructure) Īlthough many of the varietal names historically arose from the color of the mineral, current scientific naming schemes refer primarily to the microstructure of the mineral. However, there is a significant change in volume during this transition, and this can result in significant microfracturing in ceramics and in rocks of the Earth's crust. The transformation between α- and β-quartz only involves a comparatively minor rotation of the tetrahedra with respect to one another, without a change in the way they are linked. Both α-quartz and β-quartz are examples of chiral crystal structures composed of achiral building blocks (SiO 4 tetrahedra in the present case). These space groups are truly chiral (they each belong to the 11 enantiomorphous pairs). Above 573 ☌ (846 K 1,063 ☏), α-quartz in P3 121 becomes the more symmetric hexagonal P6 422 (space group 181), and α-quartz in P3 221 goes to space group P6 222 (no. Α-quartz crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system, space group P3 121 or P3 221 (space group 152 or 154 resp.) depending on the chirality. However, doubly terminated crystals do occur where they develop freely without attachment, for instance, within gypsum. The crystals are attached at one end to the enclosing rock, and only one termination pyramid is present. Well-formed crystals typically form as a druse (a layer of crystals lining a void), of which quartz geodes are particularly fine examples. In nature quartz crystals are often twinned (with twin right-handed and left-handed quartz crystals), distorted, or so intergrown with adjacent crystals of quartz or other minerals as to only show part of this shape, or to lack obvious crystal faces altogether and appear massive. The ideal crystal shape is a six-sided prism terminating with six-sided pyramids at each end. Quartz belongs to the trigonal crystal system at room temperature, and to the hexagonal crystal system above 573 ☌ (846 K 1,063 ☏). Today, the term rock crystal is sometimes used as an alternative name for transparent coarsely crystalline quartz. The Ancient Greeks referred to quartz as κρύσταλλος ( krustallos) derived from the Ancient Greek κρύος ( kruos) meaning "icy cold", because some philosophers (including Theophrastus) understood that the mineral to be a form of supercooled ice. The word "quartz" is derived from the German word Quarz, which had the same form in the first half of the 14th century in Middle High German and in East Central German and which came from the Polish dialect term kwardy, which corresponds to the Czech term tvrdý ("hard"). Quartz is the mineral defining the value of 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, a qualitative scratch method for determining the hardness of a material to abrasion. Since antiquity, varieties of quartz have been the most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and hardstone carvings, especially in Eurasia. There are many different varieties of quartz, several of which are classified as gemstones. Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, it can easily induce microfracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature threshold. The transformation from α-quartz to β-quartz takes place abruptly at 573 ☌ (846 K 1,063 ☏). Quartz exists in two forms, the normal α-quartz and the high-temperature β-quartz, both of which are chiral. Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, behind feldspar. The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO 4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO 2. Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica ( silicon dioxide). Lattice: hexagonal, Piezoelectric, may be triboluminescent, chiral (hence optically active if not racemic) Insoluble at STP 1 ppm mass at 400 ☌ and 500 lb/in 2 to 2600 ppm mass at 500 ☌ and 1500 lb/in 2 181) Ĭolorless through various colors (pink, orange, purple, dark brown)Ħ-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical), drusy, fine-grained to microcrystalline, massiveĬommon Dauphine law, Brazil law and Japan lawħ – lower in impure varieties (defining mineral)Ģ.65 variable 2.59–2.63 in impure varietiesġ670 ☌ (β tridymite) 1713 ☌ (β cristobalite) Each box is custom made, and are far superior to stick-on glass decals, as the product can be cleaned without any peeling and will look brand new for years. The Visualite products utilise VTEC, a lens in front of the light source, to create the scenes on the LED wall panels and LED ceiling lights. 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Visualite lighting panels, through their stunning presentations of nature, can help to reduce anxiety and enhance well-being. Nature and natural lighting provided by the LED wall panels and sky panels improve the atmosphere of a space by reducing any risk of claustrophobia and taking away a clinical feel. Visualite solutions are sensory lighting panels that improve the experience of rooms, providing spaces with a scenic and unique source of lighting that creates the effect of natural lighting indoors. Explore our range of bespoke Visualite Lighting Panels and discover how you can transform the feel and atmosphere of your commercial or domestic space with LED sky ceilings and LED sky panels. There was a choice of two types: the paper wrap and pull string version and the standard eraser pencil with a fan shaped brush on the tip to brush away rubber pieces from inside the manual typewriters (this was before the days of Tipp-Ex/WhiteOut). Then, when I was in secondary school working through my 4th/5th year option subjects studying Typewriting and Office Practice these paper wrapped pencils were a type of eraser. The first one I saw was when my mum got a brand new chest /trunk freezer in the late 1970s accompanied with a frozen food recipe book, a selection of suitable foil and plastic containers to be used for freezing and a set of three coloured china graph pencils/markers: red/green/black The ‘grease’ in these markers was ideal for writing on the lids of plastic containers that could withstand the rigours of a deep freeze without smudging or being obliterated – handy when you consider that frozen foods could be kept for up to 4 months plus. Hi – I remember these pencils from way back – well the late 1970s onwards anyway. They come in bright colours, no subtle forest shades here! A simple solution that works well! I think it would be very interesting if the paper had fortunes or small quotations printed on the coils, but that might be a bit distracting. To reveal more lead, one pulls the string, breaking the top layer of the coloured paper. This article from Stanford credits Blaisdell with inventing this format of grease pencil.Īlso shown is a cousin, the Klenzo Ink & Type eraser. The box says they were made by Eagle/North-Rite, a division of Berol of Canada. These particular ones date from perhaps the 1980s, and are branded Blaisdell. Still manufactured, I’ve seen them used for traditional purposes such as marking glass and ceramics, but also for more modern tasks such as marking laminated calendars and restaurant seating plans. I remember these always being around the house when I was growing up, yet can’t recall what they were used for. Known as grease markers or china markers, these pencils have wax colour cores, and are wrapped in paper that one tears off link by link. Shopping cart powered by MonsterCommerce ecommerce software.Does anyone remember these? Or still use them? Great for Stone and Tile Work, Restaurants, Fabricators, Nurseries. 72 Or More Just 50 Cents each. - The Most Versatile and Widely used Marker. Markal China Markers For Glass, Stone, Paper, Plastics. Removable. -ĭixon china markers, water resistant, removable marks, non-toxic, 61 cents for 72 or more. Markal Trades Retractable Grease Pencil (china marker) Great alternative to china markers. Use for removing marks from Poscas, Autowriters, China Markers, and Sudz Off Markers. . Must Be Used With Markal Tradesman Holder. -ĬRC Hydro Force Professional Glass Cleaner 20 Oz Aerosol. REFILLS for the Markal Trades Retractable. Eliminates the hassles found with the old paper-wrapped china markers. * Push-button holder advances the stick as needed. * Marks are water-resistant but REMOVABLE with soap and water or scrubbing. * Marks on plastic, glass metal, wood, cardboard, and paper. * Retractable grease pencil offers more convenience and longevity than a standard china marker. |
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